Stylish E-Bike in the retro-look: the Faraday of Rock Lobster Cycles. In Oregon Manifest competition a particularly elegant prototype has won an e-bike the audience award. The Faraday developed in collaboration with design company Ideo and the California bike builders Rock Lobster Cycles. It combines modern technology in a skillful way with retro design.
The diamond frame has two top tubes in which even the lithium-ion battery is hidden. Between the two pipes that go to the back of the seat post, the control unit is for electronics. The engine sits in the front wheel and provides an electrical output of 250 watts (24 volts). It can be about a thumb switch on the steering wheel turned on when required and controlled. The cables of the electronics are integrated as far as possible in the frame. The Faraday also has a porch in the two LED lamps are integrated as a bicycle light. A tail light is missing, of course. With a few simple steps can a bicycle basket or a child seat can be snapped on the stem. In addition, the bicycle has two disc brakes which are designed to ensure a proper delay. The e-bike is loaded via a connection at the control electronics. This is one of the best features of battery bikes.
His vintage flair gets the bike by the unusual setting, the mint green and white paint, the leather seat and handles as well as the curved fenders made of wood. The production cost of the Faraday should have added up to $ 5,000. Whether the e-bike will ever go into production is not clear.
In Oregon Manifest competition a particularly elegant prototype has won an e-bike the audience award. The Faraday developed in collaboration with design company Ideo and the California bike builders Rock Lobster Cycles. It combines modern technology in a skillful way with retro design. The diamond frame has two top tubes in which even the lithium-ion battery is hidden. Between the two pipes that go to the back of the seat post, the control unit is for electronics. The engine sits in the front wheel and provides an electrical output of 250 watts (24 volts). It can be about a thumb switch on the steering wheel turned on when required and controlled. The cables of the electronics are integrated as far as possible in the frame.
The Faraday also has a porch in the two LED lamps are integrated as a bicycle light. A tail light is missing, of course. With a few simple steps can a bicycle basket or a child seat can be snapped on the stem. In addition, the bicycle has two disc brakes which are designed to ensure a proper delay. The e-bike is loaded via a connection at the control electronics. His vintage flair gets the bike by the unusual setting, the mint green and white paint, the leather seat and handles as well as the curved fenders made of wood. The production cost of the Faraday should have added up to $ 5,000. Whether the e-bike will ever go into production is not clear.
Thursday, April 26, 2012
Friday, April 20, 2012
The MMO Building Blocks in the Spotlight
Millions of children have been playing with the most popular building blocks in history for over 60 years. This is reason enough for the Danish giant to launch a role-playing game. Whether the brashly colorful graphics and the kid-friendly gameplay are really convincing, it cannot be said. However, here are all the facts about these toys.
The LEGO universe
2008, The Danish toy manufacturer LEGO Group announced its work on the first MMORPG based on its popular building block series in 2008. Their goal was a family-friendly game, which put emphasis on creativity. The idea was put into practice with the help of NetDevil (Jumpgate Evolution, Auto Assault) as a developer and Warner Bros. (Harry Potter LEGO, Batman LEGO). The game is aimed specifically at younger children due to the digital concept. According to the manufacturer, LEGO Universe was developed for players aged eight years and released on 26 October 2010. You can find lego trains also.
History
Although it has been around since the early thirties, LEGO has never developed a history of the building block world. Therefore, the makers had to improvise a bit and took a tale out of the hat. LEGO Universe is set in space, namely on the planet Crux. This includes Nexus, a source of pure fantasy. The industrial magnate Baron Thyponos creates a large, nasty hurricane named "Maelstrom" out of greed. This shatters the planet Crux into many small worlds and spreads. But there is still hope. However, they need protection and all the help they can get. You have to know the history of lego trains also.
One universe
As the name "Universe" suggests, the online role-playing game is set in a fictional universe where several planets that can be explored freely. One has to find different ways to save those planets from the evil storm. However, they must lead four groups, which are divided into the "alliance" for creative minds and a builder. The player is the "guardian" of the warriors and can make "discoveries". You can drive your own spaceship to explore the LEGO Universe. As usual, you will everywhere meet the strangest people and monsters. You can come across just about anything in this game.
No levels?
This game is not on a level system, which is untypical for the genre. It has a pre-defined class. The progress in the game is measured in terms of quests and LEGO bricks collected. The player chooses different weapons for a combat style instead of choosing a class arbitrarily. Of course, one can always change their option. The options chosen at the beginning of the game are valid throughout the entire game, so they influence the play. Some defense objects should be avoided. Actually, players enjoy the fact that this game does not have the stereotypical level content.
One of the highlights of LEGO Universe is the character design, each LEGO figure having its own digital alter-ego. The head, hair, pants or hands can all be replaced.
Brick by brick
LEGO Universe is all about building with digital LEGO bricks. The manufacturer wants to adhere to the original form of the game completely and give the player the ability to tinker everything they can think of. Each player receives an instanced area (similar to the housing) where they can fully enjoy themselves. They also receive the necessary stones from one of the spoils of the enemies, as a quest reward or from dealers.
Looking for adventurers
The second highlight of the game is the adventures, the so-called quests, which can be completed alone or in groups. However, there should be no direct peer pressure with few exceptions. The tasks are kept very simple being child-friendly and containing a lot of descriptions. Unfortunately, there is a minor drawback. Experienced online role-players can lose interest in this system very quickly as it may not be very challenging.
Family-friendly technology
The concept of LEGO Universe has been simplified in order to be accessible to children and adolescents. The interface is very simple for easy access. The quests contain long explanations and short, yet precise task texts. The chat is a relief, especially for the younger players. This should have automatic word recognition. Not all children have last generation computers. Some play on the old family computer which is otherwise used only for e-mails, paperwork or online shopping. Therefore, LEGO Universe has been optimized for older systems. And with success! The game may have a quite new appearance, but you only need one gigabyte of RAM (two gigabytes on Windows Vista and Seven), a processor with a two gigahertz clock frequency and ten gigabytes of disk space. The graphics card does not need to be highly performing either. Thus, a DirectX 8/9 card with 256 megabytes of memory is enough.
The LEGO universe
2008, The Danish toy manufacturer LEGO Group announced its work on the first MMORPG based on its popular building block series in 2008. Their goal was a family-friendly game, which put emphasis on creativity. The idea was put into practice with the help of NetDevil (Jumpgate Evolution, Auto Assault) as a developer and Warner Bros. (Harry Potter LEGO, Batman LEGO). The game is aimed specifically at younger children due to the digital concept. According to the manufacturer, LEGO Universe was developed for players aged eight years and released on 26 October 2010. You can find lego trains also.
History
Although it has been around since the early thirties, LEGO has never developed a history of the building block world. Therefore, the makers had to improvise a bit and took a tale out of the hat. LEGO Universe is set in space, namely on the planet Crux. This includes Nexus, a source of pure fantasy. The industrial magnate Baron Thyponos creates a large, nasty hurricane named "Maelstrom" out of greed. This shatters the planet Crux into many small worlds and spreads. But there is still hope. However, they need protection and all the help they can get. You have to know the history of lego trains also.One universe
As the name "Universe" suggests, the online role-playing game is set in a fictional universe where several planets that can be explored freely. One has to find different ways to save those planets from the evil storm. However, they must lead four groups, which are divided into the "alliance" for creative minds and a builder. The player is the "guardian" of the warriors and can make "discoveries". You can drive your own spaceship to explore the LEGO Universe. As usual, you will everywhere meet the strangest people and monsters. You can come across just about anything in this game.
No levels?
This game is not on a level system, which is untypical for the genre. It has a pre-defined class. The progress in the game is measured in terms of quests and LEGO bricks collected. The player chooses different weapons for a combat style instead of choosing a class arbitrarily. Of course, one can always change their option. The options chosen at the beginning of the game are valid throughout the entire game, so they influence the play. Some defense objects should be avoided. Actually, players enjoy the fact that this game does not have the stereotypical level content.
One of the highlights of LEGO Universe is the character design, each LEGO figure having its own digital alter-ego. The head, hair, pants or hands can all be replaced.
Brick by brick
LEGO Universe is all about building with digital LEGO bricks. The manufacturer wants to adhere to the original form of the game completely and give the player the ability to tinker everything they can think of. Each player receives an instanced area (similar to the housing) where they can fully enjoy themselves. They also receive the necessary stones from one of the spoils of the enemies, as a quest reward or from dealers.Looking for adventurers
The second highlight of the game is the adventures, the so-called quests, which can be completed alone or in groups. However, there should be no direct peer pressure with few exceptions. The tasks are kept very simple being child-friendly and containing a lot of descriptions. Unfortunately, there is a minor drawback. Experienced online role-players can lose interest in this system very quickly as it may not be very challenging.
Family-friendly technology
The concept of LEGO Universe has been simplified in order to be accessible to children and adolescents. The interface is very simple for easy access. The quests contain long explanations and short, yet precise task texts. The chat is a relief, especially for the younger players. This should have automatic word recognition. Not all children have last generation computers. Some play on the old family computer which is otherwise used only for e-mails, paperwork or online shopping. Therefore, LEGO Universe has been optimized for older systems. And with success! The game may have a quite new appearance, but you only need one gigabyte of RAM (two gigabytes on Windows Vista and Seven), a processor with a two gigahertz clock frequency and ten gigabytes of disk space. The graphics card does not need to be highly performing either. Thus, a DirectX 8/9 card with 256 megabytes of memory is enough.
Tuesday, April 17, 2012
Melatonin and Aging: What Is the Connection?
"The purpose of life is dying, but this should occur as late as possible." There are several bundles of evidence to suggest that melatonin influences the rate of aging:
- The antioxidant effect of melatonin was demonstrated in 1983 and has been documented by 528 scientific studies ever since.
- The level of melatonin was significantly decreases in inverse proportion to age, while oxidative stress increases in direct proportion to it.
- The level of melatonin is closely and positively correlated with the general antioxidant activity.
- Melatonin protects against free radical pathologies induced by carcinogens, herbicides and pollutants.
- Melatonin is a versatile antioxidant that crosses morphophysiological barriers (cell membranes, blood-brain barrier) and penetrates the membrane, nucleus and cytosol of cells, acting on the lipids in the brain and body.
- Melatonin deficiency, often induced in animals, leads to premature aging.
- Melatonin protects (in vitro) neurons from the effects of the amyloid beta protein, a key player in Alzheimer's disease.
- Melatonin protects neurons from death by excitotoxicity (another "killer" of neurons).
- Melatonin protects lipids from peroxidation
- Melatonin protects DNA from free radical damage
The clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract in Alzheimer's disease
About the wild yam: The contribution of Dr. Dominique Rueff (Co-author of "Hormones, Natural Vegetables")
The yam has not fallen from the sky! This "sweet potato" was used and consumed traditionally in different continents such as Asia, South America and the Pacific Islands. It is still used traditionally for "gynecologic" purposes, whether hot flashes, infertility, bleeding problems or regulatory problems.
The yam does not turn into progesterone or DHEA in the body
The opposition between DHEA and yams
Note: Here are the two main aspects you should remember:
1) The wild yam is not a precursor of DHEA or progesterone;
2) It behaves as a mimetic of estrogen, as well as other phytoestrogens in the body. A study conducted by the University of Arizona compared the yam supplements to DHEA: DHEA can double the amount of serum within 3 weeks while the yam induces absolutely no change. The only question that remains is that of a possible stimulating effect on the adrenal glands for several months or even years after use.
- The antioxidant effect of melatonin was demonstrated in 1983 and has been documented by 528 scientific studies ever since.
- The level of melatonin was significantly decreases in inverse proportion to age, while oxidative stress increases in direct proportion to it.
- The level of melatonin is closely and positively correlated with the general antioxidant activity.
- Melatonin protects against free radical pathologies induced by carcinogens, herbicides and pollutants.
- Melatonin is a versatile antioxidant that crosses morphophysiological barriers (cell membranes, blood-brain barrier) and penetrates the membrane, nucleus and cytosol of cells, acting on the lipids in the brain and body.
- Melatonin deficiency, often induced in animals, leads to premature aging.
- Melatonin protects (in vitro) neurons from the effects of the amyloid beta protein, a key player in Alzheimer's disease.
- Melatonin protects neurons from death by excitotoxicity (another "killer" of neurons).
- Melatonin protects lipids from peroxidation
- Melatonin protects DNA from free radical damage
The clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract in Alzheimer's disease
Professor Kanowski has presented the results of a double blind study in which 216 patients received 240 mg per day of either Ginkgo biloba extract or a placebo for 24 weeks. The clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract has been demonstrated by an average increase of 2 to 3 points on the rating scale of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. These results were confirmed by a study in the United States of America, where a dosage of 120 mg per day was used for a year. Pregnancy stretch marks can be avoided.
The yam has not fallen from the sky! This "sweet potato" was used and consumed traditionally in different continents such as Asia, South America and the Pacific Islands. It is still used traditionally for "gynecologic" purposes, whether hot flashes, infertility, bleeding problems or regulatory problems.
The yam does not turn into progesterone or DHEA in the body
It is true that yams contain a substance known as diosgenin, from which progesterone can be obtained, among others. This extraction is done "in vitro", i.e. "test tube", and there is no indication that this is done well in humans! Some think and say that it is their right and responsibility! So how is it that the consumption of yams may have effects similar to those of progesterone? Multiple hypotheses have been developed and research is ongoing: yam extract is extremely rich in various substances that act globally on the adrenal hormones since the subjects had high levels not only of progesterone but also of DHEA and other adrenal hormones after months or years of consumption. What is even more interesting is that it seems that it can act on the cellular receptors, increasing the sensitivity of cells to circulating hormones (such as DHEA or progesterone).
There are over two hundred species of yams with different properties - some are anti-inflammatory or disinfiltrating -, so there are numerous methods of preparation and concentration to achieve full power and efficiency.
1) The wild yam is not a precursor of DHEA or progesterone;
2) It behaves as a mimetic of estrogen, as well as other phytoestrogens in the body. A study conducted by the University of Arizona compared the yam supplements to DHEA: DHEA can double the amount of serum within 3 weeks while the yam induces absolutely no change. The only question that remains is that of a possible stimulating effect on the adrenal glands for several months or even years after use.
Tuesday, April 10, 2012
Some Interesting Slots to Play
Fairy Magic
This brilliant new video slot developed by the renowned software developer and supplier of casino software Playtech called Fairy Magic will charm you right away and will surely determine you to believe in unicorns. The single jackpot value of 10,000 coins is fabulous! This new 5-reel and 15-payline video slot offers an innovative bonus game and the typical integrated Playtech gameplay, so you always have the chance to double your prize.
Fairy Magic has all the functions and features any other video slot has but it is the realm of magic and fairies that makes this lot so popular. The rolling symbols included in this game, namely the unicorns, tree houses, toads and goblins, are simply fantastic and are brought to life so fast. When these symbols appear in a winning combination, the unicorns drink water from a river, the fairies wave their hands and drop stars, the pixies smoke pipes and the doors of the tree houses open.
Players can select different coin values that range between 0.01 USD and 5 USD. Of course, the higher the value you choose, the higher will be the payout or the profit. The game has an auto play function for those who want to just sit back and be enchanted. All features can be enabled if a player places the maximum bet based on online casino reviews. It is also nice to take a look at the best casino promotions available now.
The tree house acts as a scatter symbol providing a maximum profit of 500 coins if it appears on the reels five times. The unicorns, on the other hand, act as wild symbols and give the player the chance to crack the jackpot worth of 10,000 coins if they appear on the reels five times. One of the highlights of this game is the collective bonus round, which is triggered when four stars dropped by the good fairy are collected. The player is given five free spins and their earnings are doubled. The free spin round can be triggered again, of course, as soon as the fairy godmother appears. This can happen during the free spin round, in which case the player is rewarded with another five free spins.
You can double your profits in the integrated gaming feature or get 50% of your profits as additional prize money (up to 1,500 coins). A card is dealt in this round and you must uncover a higher card than the dealer to win more money.
The best Playtech casinos include Europa Casino, Swiss Casino and Winner Casino.
The Fat Lady Sings
When the fat lady sings, the player wins! You can do this with best casino promotions that online casino revies have been talking about.
Microgaming casinos invite their players to break a few glasses and to make hefty profits.
The cliché "It is not over until the fat lady sings" is the theme of the latest slot from Microgaming, where a fat opera singer brings players winnings with her imposing voice.
The Fat Lady Sings is a colorful and amusing video slot with 5 reels and 25 paylines that offers players a number of advanced features. Some of the great features of this slot machine would be the innovative bonus system, the free spins galore, the generous multipliers, the wild and scatter symbols and an integrated gaming feature. All these feature give players the opportunity to have a great deal of fun and obtain generous rewards.
The key to the free spins and bonus feature is the mask. You need 3 of these icons to appear on the reels and you get to play free spins and obtain consistent bonuses.
You can play three bonus rounds on three different screens. You can different adjust the volume of the singers’ voices and cash out the rewards after the glasses are broken. The first screen determines the number of free spins you get (between 5 and 30), the second screen determines the multiplier (between 1-fold and 5-fold) of the gain during the free spin round and the third screen determines the total value of the bonus.
Enjoy an exciting evening of opera with the well-packed Madam Butterfly and the charming Evita... When the fat lady sings, the player wins! The innovative bonus feature gives the player the opportunity to interact and to make profits of 5,943.75 USD in basic mode and 99,625.00 USD in the free spin bonus round with a maximum bet of 31.25 USD per spin.
Even more chances of winning await the player in the integrated gaming feature, where they can double or quadruple their profits.
The Fat Lady Sings is just great. Visit one of the leading Microgaming casinos, break glasses and get great prizes!
This brilliant new video slot developed by the renowned software developer and supplier of casino software Playtech called Fairy Magic will charm you right away and will surely determine you to believe in unicorns. The single jackpot value of 10,000 coins is fabulous! This new 5-reel and 15-payline video slot offers an innovative bonus game and the typical integrated Playtech gameplay, so you always have the chance to double your prize.
Fairy Magic has all the functions and features any other video slot has but it is the realm of magic and fairies that makes this lot so popular. The rolling symbols included in this game, namely the unicorns, tree houses, toads and goblins, are simply fantastic and are brought to life so fast. When these symbols appear in a winning combination, the unicorns drink water from a river, the fairies wave their hands and drop stars, the pixies smoke pipes and the doors of the tree houses open.Players can select different coin values that range between 0.01 USD and 5 USD. Of course, the higher the value you choose, the higher will be the payout or the profit. The game has an auto play function for those who want to just sit back and be enchanted. All features can be enabled if a player places the maximum bet based on online casino reviews. It is also nice to take a look at the best casino promotions available now.
The tree house acts as a scatter symbol providing a maximum profit of 500 coins if it appears on the reels five times. The unicorns, on the other hand, act as wild symbols and give the player the chance to crack the jackpot worth of 10,000 coins if they appear on the reels five times. One of the highlights of this game is the collective bonus round, which is triggered when four stars dropped by the good fairy are collected. The player is given five free spins and their earnings are doubled. The free spin round can be triggered again, of course, as soon as the fairy godmother appears. This can happen during the free spin round, in which case the player is rewarded with another five free spins.
You can double your profits in the integrated gaming feature or get 50% of your profits as additional prize money (up to 1,500 coins). A card is dealt in this round and you must uncover a higher card than the dealer to win more money.
The best Playtech casinos include Europa Casino, Swiss Casino and Winner Casino.
The Fat Lady Sings
When the fat lady sings, the player wins! You can do this with best casino promotions that online casino revies have been talking about.
Microgaming casinos invite their players to break a few glasses and to make hefty profits.The cliché "It is not over until the fat lady sings" is the theme of the latest slot from Microgaming, where a fat opera singer brings players winnings with her imposing voice.
The Fat Lady Sings is a colorful and amusing video slot with 5 reels and 25 paylines that offers players a number of advanced features. Some of the great features of this slot machine would be the innovative bonus system, the free spins galore, the generous multipliers, the wild and scatter symbols and an integrated gaming feature. All these feature give players the opportunity to have a great deal of fun and obtain generous rewards.
The key to the free spins and bonus feature is the mask. You need 3 of these icons to appear on the reels and you get to play free spins and obtain consistent bonuses.
You can play three bonus rounds on three different screens. You can different adjust the volume of the singers’ voices and cash out the rewards after the glasses are broken. The first screen determines the number of free spins you get (between 5 and 30), the second screen determines the multiplier (between 1-fold and 5-fold) of the gain during the free spin round and the third screen determines the total value of the bonus.
Enjoy an exciting evening of opera with the well-packed Madam Butterfly and the charming Evita... When the fat lady sings, the player wins! The innovative bonus feature gives the player the opportunity to interact and to make profits of 5,943.75 USD in basic mode and 99,625.00 USD in the free spin bonus round with a maximum bet of 31.25 USD per spin.
Even more chances of winning await the player in the integrated gaming feature, where they can double or quadruple their profits.
The Fat Lady Sings is just great. Visit one of the leading Microgaming casinos, break glasses and get great prizes!
Friday, April 6, 2012
Catering Systems
Different food systems are appropriate for a school, depending on the spatial and material conditions. They are defined by the place where the food is prepared and the degree of processing of the used food. There are many differences between the various food systems from a nutritional point of view (Table 2).
The four main food systems are the following:
The food is prepared in an externally located kitchen (remote kitchen) and it is delivered to the school while still warm.
In case of kitchen cooking (fresh food system), the dishes are prepared in the kitchen and served directly.
In case of freezer preparation, the food is delivered to the school frozen, as it is stored frozen and thermally processed before consumption and served directly.
In case of kitchen mixer preparation, some of the food consists in ready components, the extent of home-cooked food varying greatly (usually side dishes, salads, desserts).
The so-called Cook & Chill process has gained a lot of popularity in recent years. Chilled meals are delivered to schools and heated prior to serving. This system is based on kitchen processing.
The condition for any of the systems mentioned above is that trained staff qualified in the field of child nutrition is available.
Table 2: Characteristics of different catering systems for hot lunch at school
Food distribution
Benefits
Low demand for personnel, space and kitchen facilities
Long holding times result in a reduction of the nutritional and sensory quality.
Remote kitchen supply is often not suitable for children but primarily for adults, i.e. meals and food plans
Disadvantages
The meal times, special requests and short-term changes in the dinner plan are not flexible
The food plan is limited since not all the food can be transported.
The food should be placed in the transport container that takes it to the nursery or school within a very short period of time.
Raw vegetables or fresh fruit are recommended to compensate for the nutrient losses.
The remote kitchen should have personnel who are qualified in child nutrition.
Food preparation
Benefits
The processing of fresh, less processed food results in a variety of nutritional offers and sensory quality food.
The direct contact of the kitchen staff with the students allows for flexible adaptation to the children's wishes.
The holding times can be kept low and food can be freshly prepared for later dinners.
Disadvantages
High demand for personnel, space and kitchen facilities
High costs for small food counts (<100)
Note
The best conditions for needs-based care for children and young people
Personnel who are qualified in child nutrition must be available
The quality of the food is also dependent on the quality of raw materials, kitchen equipment and personnel capacity
Kitchen preparation
Benefits
Low demand for staff
The food provider can adapt to the target group of children (seasoning, portion size)
New foods (e.g. foreign courts) can easily be offered (success is guaranteed)
The holding times can be kept low
The dishes for different meal times are flexible
Disadvantages
Limited variety in the food plan
Uniformity of taste by standardized recipes
Little effect on the sensory quality of frozen meals
Note
Sufficient space is required for the storage of frozen products
Special equipment is needed for regeneration
This method is only recommended for children and adolescents if the complemented by freshly prepared food (kitchen mixer preparation)
Kitchen mixer preparation
Benefits
Supplementation of the frozen products by freshly prepared food makes the food plan more diverse
The provider can adapt to the target group of children (seasoning, portion size)
New foods (e.g. foreign courts) can easily be offered (success is guaranteed)
The holding times can be kept low
The dishes for different meal times are flexible
Disadvantages
The staff and kitchen facilities requirements are smaller than in kitchen cooking
Taste uniformity with standardized recipes
Little effect on the sensory quality of frozen meals
This method is only recommended for children and adolescents if the complemented by freshly prepared food
Personnel who are qualified to care for children and good kitchen facilities are essential
The four main food systems are the following:
The food is prepared in an externally located kitchen (remote kitchen) and it is delivered to the school while still warm.In case of kitchen cooking (fresh food system), the dishes are prepared in the kitchen and served directly.
In case of freezer preparation, the food is delivered to the school frozen, as it is stored frozen and thermally processed before consumption and served directly.
In case of kitchen mixer preparation, some of the food consists in ready components, the extent of home-cooked food varying greatly (usually side dishes, salads, desserts).
The so-called Cook & Chill process has gained a lot of popularity in recent years. Chilled meals are delivered to schools and heated prior to serving. This system is based on kitchen processing.
The condition for any of the systems mentioned above is that trained staff qualified in the field of child nutrition is available.
Table 2: Characteristics of different catering systems for hot lunch at school
Food distribution
Benefits
Low demand for personnel, space and kitchen facilities
Long holding times result in a reduction of the nutritional and sensory quality.
Remote kitchen supply is often not suitable for children but primarily for adults, i.e. meals and food plans
Disadvantages
The meal times, special requests and short-term changes in the dinner plan are not flexibleThe food plan is limited since not all the food can be transported.
The food should be placed in the transport container that takes it to the nursery or school within a very short period of time.
Raw vegetables or fresh fruit are recommended to compensate for the nutrient losses.
The remote kitchen should have personnel who are qualified in child nutrition.
Food preparation
Benefits
The processing of fresh, less processed food results in a variety of nutritional offers and sensory quality food.
The direct contact of the kitchen staff with the students allows for flexible adaptation to the children's wishes.
The holding times can be kept low and food can be freshly prepared for later dinners.
Disadvantages
High demand for personnel, space and kitchen facilities
High costs for small food counts (<100)
Note
The best conditions for needs-based care for children and young people
Personnel who are qualified in child nutrition must be available
The quality of the food is also dependent on the quality of raw materials, kitchen equipment and personnel capacity
Kitchen preparation
Benefits
Low demand for staff
The food provider can adapt to the target group of children (seasoning, portion size)
New foods (e.g. foreign courts) can easily be offered (success is guaranteed)
The holding times can be kept low
The dishes for different meal times are flexible
Disadvantages
Limited variety in the food plan
Uniformity of taste by standardized recipes
Little effect on the sensory quality of frozen meals
Note
Sufficient space is required for the storage of frozen products
Special equipment is needed for regeneration
This method is only recommended for children and adolescents if the complemented by freshly prepared food (kitchen mixer preparation)
Kitchen mixer preparation
Benefits
Supplementation of the frozen products by freshly prepared food makes the food plan more diverse
The provider can adapt to the target group of children (seasoning, portion size)
New foods (e.g. foreign courts) can easily be offered (success is guaranteed)
The holding times can be kept low
The dishes for different meal times are flexible
Disadvantages
The staff and kitchen facilities requirements are smaller than in kitchen cooking
Taste uniformity with standardized recipes
Little effect on the sensory quality of frozen meals
This method is only recommended for children and adolescents if the complemented by freshly prepared food
Personnel who are qualified to care for children and good kitchen facilities are essential
Tuesday, April 3, 2012
The Relationship between Humans and Animals
The non-verbal communication of the dog (postures, facial expressions, etc...) is a rather fascinating mode of communication to observe and analyze. This article is an analysis of this method of communication in dogs but also in humans.
Dogs are not the only creatures that communicate through gestures or expressions. They live in social groups so they have developed a fascinating system of communication. They use all known means (postures, facial expressions, vocalizations, contacts) with the exception of the spoken language, which only humans use.
Communication is an important factor in the relationship between individuals. It plays an important role in the social life of a group. It influences the intra and interspecific relationships. Good communication (listening, sharing) leads to mutual understanding and respect. These means (voice, gestures, facial expressions) represent behaviors and are intended to convey information to others.
In humans, the cultural context has an important influence on the development of the verbal, nonverbal and para language. Nonverbal communication is very important in humans. It is based on codification (postures, gestures). The same holds true in animals. The essential elements are the physical appearance, the gestures and the facial expressions. One transmits signals through clothing or adornment, for example. One’s physical appearance voluntarily or involuntarily gives indications of themselves. These can be genuine or misleading.
The posture is probably the most important element. It indicates one’s mood and their intention at the time. The position of the hands on the hips or that of the arms may indicate dominance or subordination.
Changes of positions: People crave for appreciation, so they often change their position. For instance, politicians express what they intend to communicate by a handshake, while professors raise their fingers. Gestures help with the expression of doubt, approval, indifference, enthusiasm, desire...
The facial expressions are designed to boost individuals who interact. For example, the raising of the eyebrows is a form of greeting. The nod implies agreement or disagreement. The facial expression indicates the partner’s intention: whether the information is serious, ironic or funny.
The absence of hair on parts of the human face draws attention to the main features. A person may express their feelings and emotions, their feelings of superiority, disapproval, sadness, anger, fear, sexual desire without words.
When a man seduces a woman, a look, a position or a certain way of approaching her can be more than enough to communicate his attraction.
Gestures and facial expressions are used to explain a social situation. They take on meanings that allow interactions with others. They express an emotional state. Nonverbal communication is important. Actually, it represents 85% of communication in humans!
In dogs, the posture denotes a particular attitude and involves many parts of the animal’s body. All areas of the body are essential in communication.
The “call for play” posture is very well known. The dog leans forward with the body lowered to the ground. The rump is up. The whip is loud and lively.
The dominance postures are often observed by teachers. The dominant dog may have very stiff, straight limbs, ears and an erect tail, as well as bristling hair.
The common position of dominance is on top of a congener often of the same gender. Thus, the dog imposes its status.
The submissive posture is associated with abdominal presentation, a lowered tail and ears flattened against the back of the head. A shifty look is enough to identify a submissive posture.
The posture must be combined with other signals like the voice in order to be meaningful. The ritual also included the responses of other congeners.
The movements combine voluntary and involuntary signals that reflect a state of emotional tension or parasites like cat ticks. The movements of the lips, ears and eyelids are a response to the experiences acquired during the socialization period. The wrinkling of the face expresses aggression. The corners of the mouth are raised, the ears are perked up and the dog's hair bristled on its back. This means that the dog feels threatened. The dog pulls back its mouth corners and ears.
There are two rules of tactile communication. First of all, the skin area must be stimulated properly, i.e. the intensity, duration and frequency of the stimulation must be modulated. The head and neck are essential in establishing the dominant/subordinate hierarchy. The dog pulls and compresses the skin of its congener between its teeth until its muscles relax. The thorax is stimulated by the pressure of the head, shoulder or chest of the congener. This pressure is maintained until the outbreak of a game, bid or a manifestation of dominance. This is an ambivalent posture. It also makes sense in combination with other elements. Other regions are stimulated by licking. Thus, the dog stimulates its congener until it receives the desired response.
Dogs are not the only creatures that communicate through gestures or expressions. They live in social groups so they have developed a fascinating system of communication. They use all known means (postures, facial expressions, vocalizations, contacts) with the exception of the spoken language, which only humans use.
Communication is an important factor in the relationship between individuals. It plays an important role in the social life of a group. It influences the intra and interspecific relationships. Good communication (listening, sharing) leads to mutual understanding and respect. These means (voice, gestures, facial expressions) represent behaviors and are intended to convey information to others.
In humans, the cultural context has an important influence on the development of the verbal, nonverbal and para language. Nonverbal communication is very important in humans. It is based on codification (postures, gestures). The same holds true in animals. The essential elements are the physical appearance, the gestures and the facial expressions. One transmits signals through clothing or adornment, for example. One’s physical appearance voluntarily or involuntarily gives indications of themselves. These can be genuine or misleading.
The posture is probably the most important element. It indicates one’s mood and their intention at the time. The position of the hands on the hips or that of the arms may indicate dominance or subordination.
Changes of positions: People crave for appreciation, so they often change their position. For instance, politicians express what they intend to communicate by a handshake, while professors raise their fingers. Gestures help with the expression of doubt, approval, indifference, enthusiasm, desire...
The facial expressions are designed to boost individuals who interact. For example, the raising of the eyebrows is a form of greeting. The nod implies agreement or disagreement. The facial expression indicates the partner’s intention: whether the information is serious, ironic or funny.
The absence of hair on parts of the human face draws attention to the main features. A person may express their feelings and emotions, their feelings of superiority, disapproval, sadness, anger, fear, sexual desire without words.
When a man seduces a woman, a look, a position or a certain way of approaching her can be more than enough to communicate his attraction.
Gestures and facial expressions are used to explain a social situation. They take on meanings that allow interactions with others. They express an emotional state. Nonverbal communication is important. Actually, it represents 85% of communication in humans!
In dogs, the posture denotes a particular attitude and involves many parts of the animal’s body. All areas of the body are essential in communication.
The “call for play” posture is very well known. The dog leans forward with the body lowered to the ground. The rump is up. The whip is loud and lively.
The dominance postures are often observed by teachers. The dominant dog may have very stiff, straight limbs, ears and an erect tail, as well as bristling hair.
The common position of dominance is on top of a congener often of the same gender. Thus, the dog imposes its status.
The submissive posture is associated with abdominal presentation, a lowered tail and ears flattened against the back of the head. A shifty look is enough to identify a submissive posture.
The posture must be combined with other signals like the voice in order to be meaningful. The ritual also included the responses of other congeners.
The movements combine voluntary and involuntary signals that reflect a state of emotional tension or parasites like cat ticks. The movements of the lips, ears and eyelids are a response to the experiences acquired during the socialization period. The wrinkling of the face expresses aggression. The corners of the mouth are raised, the ears are perked up and the dog's hair bristled on its back. This means that the dog feels threatened. The dog pulls back its mouth corners and ears.
There are two rules of tactile communication. First of all, the skin area must be stimulated properly, i.e. the intensity, duration and frequency of the stimulation must be modulated. The head and neck are essential in establishing the dominant/subordinate hierarchy. The dog pulls and compresses the skin of its congener between its teeth until its muscles relax. The thorax is stimulated by the pressure of the head, shoulder or chest of the congener. This pressure is maintained until the outbreak of a game, bid or a manifestation of dominance. This is an ambivalent posture. It also makes sense in combination with other elements. Other regions are stimulated by licking. Thus, the dog stimulates its congener until it receives the desired response.
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